Step 1: Identifying Your Knowledge Question
The goal of this step is to identify a knowledge question you can use to explore a real life situation or topic in your essay. This is one of the most important steps, as it will form the basis for all of your research and analysis in your essay.
A ‘knowledge question’ is a statement of inquiry that answers the ‘how’ or ‘why’ of a given real-life situation or topic. To come up with a good knowledge question, start by researching the topic in question. Are there any debates or controversies surrounding the topic? What are different experts saying about the topic? You can also think about why the topic matters or how it relates to other situations or contexts.
To get a better understanding of the knowledge question and the real-life situation it relates to, try asking yourself these questions: What do I want to focus on in this essay? What is the purpose of my essay? Who will be reading my essay? What are some possible perspectives on the topic?
Once you have a good understanding of the knowledge question, it is a good idea to narrow down your focus and make sure to keep your scope manageable. Allow yourself to be open to alternate perspectives, but remember to stay focused on the main aspects of your knowledge question.
With this in mind, take the time to properly brainstorm and narrow down your knowledge question. Be sure to note down any questions, thoughts, and ideas you may have as this can help guide your research and writing process later on. Once you have settled on a knowledge question, you are ready to move onto the next step.
Step 2: Research the Topic and Decide on Key Points
Knowing what to write about is one of the key steps when it comes to writing an International Baccalaureate Theory of Knowledge (TOK) Essay. To get started, it is important to research your topic thoroughly so that you can identify the key points that support your knowledge question. This research step should include both primary and secondary sources.
When researching, start by visiting your school library or online databases to find sources related to your topic. This can include books, journals, academic articles, websites, etc. It is also important to check the validity of sources used as this will ensure that your essay is well-researched and accurate. To keep track of important information found during the research process, note-taking is essential.
Once the research is done and you have a good understanding of the topic, you can decide on key points that clearly answer the knowledge question and will help build a strong argument. To do this, consider connecting the facts, concepts and ideas that you found in your research. Then, using this new understanding, choose two to three conclusions or counterarguments that you can use to support your main argument.
In order to make sure your knowledge question is adequately addressed, continue to ask yourself questions such as: Are there any ethical implications? How does this relate to other topics? Does this provide convincing evidence for the knowledge question?
By taking the time to research the topic thoroughly and critically analyze the information, you can ensure that your essay is centered around valid points that accurately answer the knowledge question.
Step 3: Make a Rational Argument for Your Claim
In this step, you will build your argument to answer the knowledge question you identified in Step 2. You should use evidence from academic sources to back up your points, and link ideas together using logical reasoning. This is an essential part of writing a compelling essay, so take your time and don’t rush it.
Start by constructing a thesis statement – a succinct overview of your entire position in the form of an argument. It should convey the main point of your essay in a few sentences. Ensure it’s clear and well-structured, with a thesis that’s specific and original.
The next step is to create an outline that explains your argument and presents your points in a logical order. Start with your strongest point first, followed by counter-arguments and refutations. Be sure to explain why your point is stronger than any opposing views. You can also use evidence or examples to support your points.
Now it’s time to start writing your essay. This section should provide an in-depth discussion of your chosen knowledge issue based on your research and inferences. For critical TOK essays, provide a balanced view that considers both sides of the argument. Make sure to refer back to your thesis statement throughout the essay to ensure you remain on track.
Finally, it’s time to consider counter-arguments and refutations. Counter-arguments are points provided by other individuals which challenge your own views. Refutations are the arguments you provide to refute these counter-arguments, often using evidence or examples. Be sure to explain why you disagree with them and prove your own argument is more valid.
Making a rational argument and refuting opposing views is an important part of writing a persuasive TOK essay. By taking the time to craft a solid argument, you will be able to explain your point of view effectively.
Step 4: Outline your essay based on the AOKs and WOKs or using the 5 C’s
Now that you have collected all the necessary information, it is time to start outlining your essay. One of the most important parts of an IB TOK essay is understanding the Areas of Knowledge (AOKs) and Ways of Knowing (WOKs). To understand them fully, let’s break them down further.
AOKs are more abstract topics like Mathematics, Natural Sciences, Human Sciences, History, Ethics, and the Arts. These categories help you categorize your knowledge according to its area. WOKs, on the other hand, are less tangible but no less important concepts such as Reason, Emotion, Perception, Language, Memory, Imagination, Faith, Intuition and Faith. The combination of AOKs and WOKs helps frame how we acquire and evaluate knowledge.
Since different questions may require a different structure, you can also use the 5C outline to craft your essay. It consists of five crucial components – Claim, Counter-claim, Context, Complications, Conclusions – which allows you to present your perspective in an organized manner. Use this structure to lay down the groundwork of your essay, with each passing point backed up by evidence.
Although outlining may sound tedious, it’s actually quite simple once you get used to it. Start by jotting down some key points and organizing them into the required format. This will help you create a concrete structure for the essay that you can easily follow.
By following the AOKs and WOKs or using the 5C outline to structure your essay, you will be able to present your idea in a clear, precise, and organized manner. Once you have an outline, you will be ready to begin writing your essay.
Step 5: Structure the essay according to the grading criteria of an International Baccalaureate exam
When structuring your IB TOK essay, it is important to consider the assessment criteria of the International Baccalaureate Program. When you have created an outline for your essay, the structure should flow from the knowledge questions and the real life situation. After that, you should identify key points of discussion and arguments that you can use to back up your stance.
Although this is a formal essay, there is room to be creative in the structure and language you choose. The essay should follow a logical progression, introduce each point thoroughly, and then come to a conclusion. Your essay should also be organized to showcase your understanding of the topic, while connecting different perspectives and points of view.
The IB assessment criteria require the essay to include the following structure:
- Introduction: This should usually be written at the end, when you have an understanding of the entire essay.
- Knowledge Question: Make sure to explain the knowledge question and relate it to the real life situation.
- Argument/Discussion: Provide evidence and arguments to back up the different points you make.
- Counter-arguments: Dedicate some space to discuss counter-arguments against your position.
- Conclusion: Wrap up the essay by summing up the main arguments and their implications.
It is important to keep track of your references as you go along your essay to make sure they are accurately cited at the end of the essay. All in all, the structure is what brings your essay alive – it is important to get it right.